Tito Bustillo Cave

In 1968, a group of eight young men from a local mountaineering group headed to an underground network of caverns near to the Asturian town of Ribadesella to hone their spelunking skills. The group had begun to explore the cave network when one of the team made an incredible discovery. 

A local teenager called Celestino Fernandez Bustillo, or “Tito” to his friends, found a large segment of the cave and panned the beam of his flashlight over its walls to estimate the length of the cavern. To his great surprise, the light illuminated an incredible scene from the dawn of human consciousness that had not been seen for thousands of years. 

Emerging from the darkness, flickering on the cave walls, were herds of stocky wild horses with tawny reddish fur, reindeer with great curling antlers, and numerous red deer. These animals had been painted using a mixture of pigments from several minerals (ochre, charcoal , copper oxide) and were portrayed in vivid colors with hues of violets, reds, blacks, and browns. The level of detail in the figurative representation was remarkable, with the muscularity and movement of each beast captured as if it had been drawn from photographic memory.  

Later scientific and archeological research confirmed that the paintings had been created approximately 33,000 years ago during an epoch that is known to archeologists as the Magdalenian period, or upper paleolithic. Further paintings were found within the cave networks including paintings of bovines (either auroch or bison, no one is quite sure) and a panel with symbols that are believed to depict vulvas, and presumably represent the worship of human fertility.