Aztec Serpent Head Cornerstone

As you walk through the historic center of Mexico City and reach the corner between the streets of Pino Suárez and República del Salvador, take a glance downwards and you will encounter, to your amazement, the fanged jaws and forked tongue of a monstrous dragon-like serpent.

This fearsome basalt stone sculpture once graced the steps of a pyramid in the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. It formed the frontal piece of an immense serpentine creature that likely symbolized the Aztec serpent creator god of mankind, Quetzalcoatl. 

The sculpture has been a cornerstone of the building from the time of the Spanish conquest of Mexico up until the present day. It is believed that it was originally placed in this location by the Spanish conquistadors as a not-so-subtle message signifying the triumph and superiority of European architecture and civilization over the indigenous Aztec empire.

For many years the building served as an opulent palace known as “El Palacio de los Condes de Santiago de Calimaya” for the descendants of the brutal conquistador, Hernán Cortés, who toppled the Aztec empire in 1521. Over the centuries the building was occupied by a succession of aristocrats and then rented in the 19th century to wealthy merchants and their families before eventually becoming the Museum of the City of Mexico (Museo de la Ciudad de Mexico) in 1964. Throughout the centuries the only consistent resident of the building has been the stone serpent. 

In spite of the original intention of the Spanish to celebrate their colonization of the pre-Columbian empire of the Americas, the presence of this ancient serpentine sculpture in the beating heart of Mexico City seems instead to prove an ironic and fascinating truth: The Aztec history of the Mexican capital is always right under your feet.