South Bailey Sewer Lamp

Sewer lamps, such as this one, were invented after The Great Stink of 1858. 

During this event, London's sewers created an incredibly foul stench, one so bad that even the House of Commons was aware of the issue. The curtains of the House of Commons were supposedly soaked in chloride in an unsuccessful attempt to keep out the smell. 

It was said that the smell was so bad that the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Benjamin Disraeli, was seen running from chambers with a handkerchief pressed to his face. It didn't take long for funds to be allocated to create an effective sewer system in the capital and design a way to vent them properly. Thus, sewer gas destructor lamps were born. 

Joseph Edmund Webb of Birmingham patented the sewer gas destructor lamp. These ornate cast-iron creations were designed to remove the harmful, potentially explosive sewer gases. His initial idea was that the lamps would simply burn the sewer gas and create a useful street light. However, it was discovered that the quantity of sewer gas by itself was insufficient for that, so he modified his design to burn town gas. The heat of the flame created an upward draft that drew the sewer gas into the lamp where it was burned.

These lamps eventually spread to the northeastern parts of the country. Today, there are currently 100 under the care of Northumbrian Water. This lamp can be found in the Old Bailey area of Durham City.